Workout energy-maximising your energy supply

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Our basic daily energy needs are dictated by our Basal Metabolic Rate - this is your energy use in a rested state to support normal body functioning.

When we add exercise into our day our energy requirements increase. If we don't add sufficient calories, our bodies start burning our energy stores, namely fat. Now for those wanting to lose fat, this probably sounds pretty terrific. But what happens when we don't have sufficient energy stores, or fat stores, or we are burning energy faster than our body can convert fat into available energy.

The common athletic term is bonking but in more moderate forms of exercise we probably start feeling light headed, unco-ordinated, and weak. All of these symptoms are signals that you are demanding more than your body can provide. Your blood sugars have dropped to a level below normal.

To maintain sufficient energy throughout the day to complete your scheduled tasks you need to understand your energy requirements and ensure you meet these in the right way at the right time.

And the right way is NOT reaching for the nearest snack bar every time you start feeling yourself sliding. The right way is about planning in advance to give not only energy but nutrition.

This is particularly important when you are planning strenuous exercise. Most strenuous exercise aims to build muscle. Whether that is heart muscle doing cardio workouts or overall body muscle with weight training. If during and immediately following muscle building exercise your body cannot access sufficient nutrients from muscles, it starts eating away at the existing muscle tissue, effectively reversing your goal to build up and maintain muscle.

Now it's worth getting a little scientific here to understand why you need to manage your energy stores during exercise. So let's look at our body's energy system

When we need energy, our body breaks up a substance called adenosine triphosphate [ATP]. ATP is a high-energy molecule consisting of three phosphates attached by energy bonds to adenosine. Energy is released by breaking off a phosphate from ATP to form adenosine diphosphate [ADP]. This is a continual cycle of energy production with ADP converted back into ATP.

Now obviously for this to work, we need ATP in the body in the first place. ATP is created in the body by three systems, working simultaneously. The contribution from each system depends on the type of exercise we are doing, its intensity and duration.

ATP-CP system [6 second burst] - ATP-CP is our short burst energy system; something your body will tap into during a six second sprint. This system doesn't require oxygen. This is an anaerobic energy support system. CP [creatine phosphate] is a high-energy molecule where the phosphate can be broken off very quickly, releasing energy. It is used to convert ADP back to ATP. Since our muscled don't have large stores of CP, supply is used up very quickly. To increase creatine levels in the muscle, many athletes use creatine supplements.

Anaerobic system [90 second burst] - the high power anaerobic system breaks down glucose for energy, providing two molecules of ATP. Unfortunately this process also produces lactic acid. If lactic acid builds up in the muscles faster than our body can clear it, we get muscle fatigue - that 'hit the wall moment' that all athletes know about.

Aerobic system [Endurance] - our aerobic system supports the slow breakdown of glucose for energy, using oxygen. It provides 38 molecules of ATP; nearly 20 times more than the anaerobic system. It's the aerobic system that also uses fat to produce ATP energy. This is why endurance training can make the muscles use fat more efficiently.

So now that we understand the three energy production systems, lets look at how we can meet those short term demands using energy fuel. The three main energy fuels for exercise are carbohydrates, fat and protein. These nutrients are broken down in the body to provide energy, measured as kilocalories [kcal] per gram [g]. As a rough guide of how much energy is released from each type of nutrient:

carbohydrate provides 3.75kcal/g
protein provides 4kcal/g
fat provides 9kcal/g
Now don't go thinking that fat is the best energy food just because it releases twice as much energy a carbohydrates. The best energy food for exercise, especially intense workouts, is glucose. Glucose is formed in the body from the breakdown of carbohydrates [sugars and starches]. This glucose is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver. Unfortunately, just like your home storage constraints, the body can also only store a limited amount of glycogen. An average size adult weighing 70kg [11 stone] stores around 450g, or 1,700 kcal, of glycogen.

If your exercise program is going to use more than 1700 during and immediately following exercise, then your body will run out of supplies are start looking elsewhere. The amount of each fuel [carbohydrate, fat and protein] your body uses during exercise depends on your dietary intake, fitness level, type of exercise, length of workout, training intensity, and frequency of training sessions. For instance, anaerobic exercise uses only glucose, whereas aerobic exercise uses all three fuels. As intensity increases, the demand for protein outstrips the demand for glucose and fat. That's why low-intensity exercise, such as walking is so great for burning a greater proportion of fat.

During moderate and high-intensity exercise, supply for energy starts with glucose, but with time, your body will gradually use more fat and less glucose in an attempt to conserve the limited glucose stores. The fitter you are, the more efficiently your muscles use fat and the longer you can work out. That's why the fitter you are, the more often you can train without draining the body, and the more calories you use. Listen to your body. If you start feeling sluggish, co-ordination and balance start to go a bit wonky, or you feel light headed - YOU ARE IN FATIGUE MODE. Your body has run out of glycogen. [NB: dehydration can also cause these symptoms].

So now you understand the energy system of the body and the additional demands you make on it during exercise, here are a few guidelines to getting the best from your workout, and protecting your body at the same time.

Stay well hydrated before, during and after your workout. Not only does it help your body function better, it avoids confusion as to what is causing any fatigue.
Be proactive with energy supply management. Don't wait until you feel fatigue before you boost your energy stores. Remember it takes time for energy to be released from the food we eat.
Eat more carbohydrates in advance of longer harder training sessions - this is why marathon runners bulk up on pasta for 2-3 days prior to a big race.
Provide your body with additional protein in the 45 minutes following a strenuous workout; then again, with some carbohydrates - about 2-3 hours following.
For serious athletic training programs learn more about the use of safe and effective bodybuilding supplements such as creatine monohydrate, L-carnitine, L-glutamine and protein powder.
And to be safe, always consult your medical advisor before undertaking any exercise program or taking supplements.

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General information about renewable energy

As more harrowing political and economic aspects of fossil fuels with renewable energy gaining in popularity. Here is an overview of the use of renewable energy.

General information about renewable energy

Renewable energy more difficult than you might imagine as common phrases for a broad range of springs energy, any definition should be broad. With this in mind, let us define renewable energy as any source energy that naturally arises very much.

Ironically, almost all renewable energy rely on NPP.Fortunately, nuclear power is in the form of the Sun in the center of our solar system: one giant nuclear reaction, the Sun produces solar radiation and sunlight to convert energy through the natural resources of our planet. The sunlight is the basis for solar, wind, energy biomass and so on. Fossil fuels, on the other hand, are a form of energy biomass but ancient one resource limits and severe side effects in the form of polluting substances.

Solar energy is the most basic and straightforward form of renewable energy. Depending on the type of platform you use sunlight is converted directly into electricity and heat. Solar energy considered renewable energy because it will be long Sun, which must be more than 4 billion years. Once the Sun is burning, we'll have many more problems than energy!

Wind energy is another form of solar energy. Wind is created when the Sun heats up the various areas of the Earth's surface at different prices. Essentially you are aware of this if you think about the temperature when the black car park and grass in the Park.Heat rises, so does the hot air of air above the hot surface. will grow cold air from the surrounding area will rush to fill the gap. This movement caused by temperature creates the wind in its basic form.

To use energy, man has windmills and turbines that convert energy into electricity. Modern wind turbines are between 25 and 35 per cent efficient at converting wind into electricity energy. Wind energy is now fastest growing platform energy worldwide.

When the water is moving, it tends to carry a lot of inertia and energy. Unfortunately the tsunami in Asia is a perfect example. On a less catastrophic front man learned to harness the power of moving water to generate electricity. The first and most often used by Hydro. Focuses on large-scale projects hydroelectric power is commonly used in the form of dams. The dam is placed in the River, creating a reservoir. Using gravity water before being released on the pipes to the dam.Moving water speed turbines to produce large quantities of electricity.

Tide is a long time on paper, but have not yet seen in large-scale projects.This is beginning to change.The basic idea is very similar to hydropower. depending on your trumpets with large turbines placed in strong tidal areas.As the tide of vast quantities of water and move in pipes spinning turbines and production energy.Although tides relatively slowly move contains a large quantity of energy.Once thought a strange idea energy, tidal energy is strong as energy platform in Europe.

Geothermal energy is a form of energy using inherent in warm place a power in the first form of heat. Approximately six to seven feet below the surface of the Earth, the Earth's temperature is regulated.By exchanging fluid between above and below the land temperature adjustment can be achieved primarily in residential settings.

Energy biomass is a renewable energy, but not necessarily one NET. biomass is simply organic materials such as manure, maize etc. Idea energy biomass is the conversion of biomass chemical energy in available power is often the case in a fire, which is problematic because it does cause pollution. It also has grown, harvested and converted to power all renewable energy biomass is no less attractive.

We have many options when it comes to kicking the habit of fossil fuels. Although there is a chance one of these options will become more dominant, it's likely that a combination of all the above-mentioned renewable energy platform is the answer.

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Renewable James Lovelock recent books Trashes energy approves nuclear energy

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On the front page of the World Nuclear Association website prominently rests a quote from what some consider the world's leading environmentalist and among the world's top scientists, Dr. James Lovelock:

"There is no sensible alternative to nuclear power if we are to sustain civilization."

- James Lovelock, preeminent world leader in the development of environmental consciousness

At age eighty-six, Dr. Lovelock has just published his fourth book, The Revenge of Gaia (Penguin Books, 2006). "Gaia" is Dr. Lovelock's belief that earth is a living, evolving organism, not just a hunk of rock we all live upon. Through his book, Lovelock refers to Gaia, when he is discussing our third planet from the sun. His latest book is a MUST read for anyone who is following the renaissance in nuclear energy. Environmentalists won't read this book. Perhaps their bosses will BAN them from reading this book. Those environmentalists who carefully read Lovelock's latest book may very well become nuclear power lobbyists, if they would bathe, shave and spiff up a bit. Chapter Five, "Sources of Energy," will instantly disintegrate every ridiculous argument propounded by the naïve and antediluvian anti-nuclear movements across the world.

Dr. Lovelock's credentials and achievements are light years beyond those of any environmental mouthpiece espousing the "green" movement. More so than anyone alive, Lovelock is first and foremost a giant of the earth's environmentalist movement. Since 1974, Lovelock has been a Fellow of the Royal Society. Since 1994, he has been an Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green College, University of Oxford. New Scientist described him as "one of the great thinkers of our time. The London Observer has called him, "one of the environmental movement's most influential figures." In 2003, he was made Companion of Honour by Her Majesty the Queen. Prospect magazine named Dr. Lovelock in September 2005, "one of the world's top 100 global public intellectuals."

How does Dr. Lovelock respond to the question of nuclear waste? He writes, "I have offered in public to accept all the high-level waste produced in a year from a nuclear power station for deposit on my small plot of land; it would occupy a space about a cubic metre in size and fit safely in a concrete pit, and I would use the heat from its decaying radioactive elements to heat my home. It would be a waste not to use it. More important, it would be no danger to me, my family or the wildlife." That should enlighten the yokels arguing against the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste depository.

Chapter Five, "Sources of Energy," concisely and cogently answers every silly "theory" about renewable energy sources hyped by the "green" movement. Let's take Biomass, which makes sense to any concerned citizen. Lovelock even agrees with the theory of Biomass, writing, "Used sensibly and on a modest scale, burning wood or agricultural waste for heat or energy is no threat to Gaia." Please note that he modified his statement with "sensibly" and "modest." In a nutshell, he explains why Biomass will not become a leading energy source, "Bio fuels are especially dangerous because it is too easy to grow them as a replacement for fossil fuel; they will then demand an area of land or ocean far larger than Gaia can afford... We have already taken more than half of the productive land to grow food for ourselves. How can we expect Gaia to manage the Earth if we try to take the rest of the land for fuel production?" He added poignantly, "Just imagine that we tried to power our present civilization on crops grown specifically for fuel, such as coppice woodland, fields of oilseed rape, and so on. These are the 'bio fuels', the much-applauded renewable energy source...We would need the land area of several Earths just to grow the bio fuel."

Wind power gets shellacked as well. For those environmentalists, such as Amory Lovins, who believe "Wind Farms" are going to become a significant energy source, they are full of hot air. According to the Royal Society of Engineers 2004 report, onshore European wind energy is two and a half times, and offshore wind energy over three times, more expensive per kilowatt hour than gas or nuclear energy. Denmark, which pioneered wind farms, is regretting the decision. Niels Gram of the Danish Federation of Industries said, "In green terms windmills are a mistake and economically make no sense... Many of us thought wind was the 100-percent solution for the future, but we were wrong. In fact, taking all energy needs into account it is only a 3 percent solution." Lovelock writes, "To supply the UK's present electricity needs would require 276,000 wind generators, about three per square mile, if national parks, urban, suburban and industrial areas are excluded... at best, energy is available from wind turbines only 25 percent of the time." German environmentalists, who have recently led the charge for Wind Power, should reconsider. Lovelock writes, "The most recent report from Germany put wind energy as available only 16 percent of the time."

Surely, solar power must be the answer, right? Wrong! Lovelock writes, "Solar cells are not yet suitable for supplying electricity directly to homes or workplaces, mostly because, despite over thirty years of development, they are quite expensive to make. At the Centre for Alternative Technology in Wales there is an experimental house with a roof made almost entirely of silicon photocells. In summer it provides about three kilowatts of electricity, but the cost of installation was comparable with the house itself, and the expected life of the cells is about ten years. Sunlight, like wind, is intermittent and would, without efficient storage, be an inconvenient energy source at these latitudes."

Solar and wind power were just two of the many energy sources Lovelock sends to the dumpster. Wave and tidal energy, hydro-electricity, hydrogen, fusion energy, coal and oil and natural gas all suffer similar consequences under Dr. Lovelock's scientific microscope. Geothermal gets a partial endorsement, but Lovelock writes, "Unfortunately there are few places where it is freely available. Iceland is one of them, and it draws a large part of its energy needs from this source." How many of you know that, while natural gas could cut carbon dioxide emissions by half, if used ubiquitously, some of the natural gas leaks into the air before it burnt? According to the Society of Chemical Industry's report (2004), this amounts to about 2 to 4 percent of the gas used. Methane, the main constituent of natural gas is 24 times more potent a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.

Fusion sounded great in theory, but when I discussed it with Dr. Fred Begay, at the Los Alamos National Laboratories, this past November, he told me it may take fifty years to develop, if it ever could be developed as an energy source. Lovelock explains in his book why Fusion Energy would be wonderful, but he brought up the one point, which stymies nuclear physicists (and which environmentalists won't even talk about), "... the nuclear fusion of hydrogen yields millions of times more energy than its mere combustion, but to start the powerful reaction requires some means of heating the hydrogen to 150 million degrees." How exactly go you go about heating something on earth up to 150 million degrees, when the core of the sun has a temperature of a little more than 100 million degrees? Again, great theory and work is being done in this arena to bring about a solution sometime this century, but this technology remains in an incubation stage.

The most shocking and disturbing discussion through Lovelock's book was the problem with carbon dioxide emissions. The burning question these days is "WHAT" to do with nuclear waste. Lovelock believes we should start worrying about what to do about carbon dioxide emissions waste, "The world's annual production of carbon dioxide is 27,000 million tons. If this much were frozen into solid carbon dioxide at -80 degrees Centigrade, it would make a mountain one mile high and twelve miles in circumference. To sequester this much each year could not be achieved quickly - probably not sooner than twenty years from now." He added, "If only had developed and installed the equipment for removing carbon dioxide from power stations and industry fifty years ago, we would now face surmountable problems." Another problem with carbon dioxide should give you nightmares or reach for a gas mask. Carbon dioxide, according to Dr. Lovelock, "has a complicated removal with an effective residence time of between fifty and a hundred years. About half of the carbon dioxide we have so far added to the air remains there." That means the carbon dioxide we add to our existing air pollution will still be breathed by our children, grandchildren and their children. How is that for a legacy?

James Lovelock's Conclusion on Nuclear Energy

How does James Lovelock feel about nuclear energy? "I believe nuclear power is the only source of energy that will satisfy our demands and yet not be a hazard to Gaia and interfere with its capacity to sustain a comfortable climate and atmospheric composition. This is mainly because nuclear reactions are millions of times more energetic than chemical reactions. The most energy available from a chemical reaction, such as burning carbon in oxygen, is about nine kilowatt hours per kilogram. The nuclear fusion of hydrogen atoms to form helium gives several million times as much, and the energy from splitting uranium is greater still."

Through his book, Lovelock reminds us that nuclear power is the single answer for this century, "We need emission-free energy sources immediately, and there is no serious contender to nuclear fission."

Lovelock addresses Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, nuclear testing in the 1960s, and many other events over the past fifty years, as nuclear energy has developed. If you wondered about radiation and cancer, Lovelock answers that as well. You may leap up, after reading those pages, and start faxing them off to every environmentalist group you can contact. It may be the most definitive analysis of the disconnect the media and the greens have about nuclear energy and its impact on our health that you have ever read. Lovelock concludes, "The persistent distortion of the truth about the health risks of nuclear energy should make us wonder if the other statements about nuclear energy are equally flawed."

One specific question that has puzzled me, for a number of years, was this: How many people die to produce each of our energy sources? The table below answered that question. The comparative safety of the different energy sources comes from the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland in a 2001 report, which Lovelock reproduces on page 102 of his book. The Institute examined all of the world's large-scale energy sources and compared them against their safety records. The numbers of deaths were expressed in terms of terrawatt year of energy made, between 1970 and 1992. A terrawatt year (TTY) is one million million watts of electricity made and continuously used throughout a year.

Fuel Fatalities Who Deaths per TTY

Coal 6400 Workers 342

Hydro 4000 Public 883

Natural Gas 1200 Workers and Public 85

Nuclear 31 Workers 8

Lovelock does not simply endorse nuclear, as an idle thought. He is passionate about nuclear energy as a life-saving measure, "My strong pleas for nuclear energy come from a growing sense that we have little time left in which to install a reliable and secure supply of electricity.... The important and overriding consideration is time; we have nuclear power now, and new nuclear building should be started immediately. All of the alternatives, including fusion energy, require decades of development before they can be employed on a scale that would significantly reduce emissions."

He concludes his masterpiece of Chapter Five of The Revenge of Gaia by writing:

"Meanwhile at the world's climate centres the barometer continues to fall and tell of the imminent danger of a climate storm whose severity the Earth has not endured for fifty-five million years. But in the cities the party goes on; how much longer before reality enters our minds?

COPYRIGHT © 2007 by StockInterview, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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Energy simply explained

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Energy, it is fair to say, is a very vague concept. So where does one go to learn more? Does one have to take a physics course? I don't think so, and to test my theory, I have tried to explain energy as briefly as I can, right here.

Energy 101

Energy is what makes the world go round. Literally. Every neuron that sparks in your brain, every electron that fires down a wire, every molecule burning in a fire, carries with it a sort of momentum that it passes on like a baton in a complex relay race. The batons are flooding in all directions all around us and across the universe - they are energy and we have learned how to harness them.

The actual word "Energy" is a much abused term nowadays - because energy is used to represent such a disparate range of phenomena from heat to light to speed to weight, and because it seems to be able to change forms so readily, it is cannon fodder for pseudo-scientific and spiritual interpretation. However, you will be pleased to hear that it actually has a very clear (and consistent) nature.

I like to think of energy being a bit like money - it is a sort of currency that can be traded. It takes on various forms (dollars/pounds/Swiss francs) and can be eventually cashed in to achieve something. However, just like money, once spent, it does not vanish. It simply moves on a new chapter in its life and may be reused indefinitely.

To illustrate the point, let's follow a 'unit of energy' through a visit to planet Earth to see what I mean. The [number] shows every time it changes currency (see the key below).

The energy in our story starts off tied up in hydrogen atoms in the sun [1]. Suddenly, due to the immense pressure and heat, the nuclei of several atoms react to form a brand new helium atom, and a burst of radiation[2] is released. The radiation smashes into other nearby atoms heating them up so hot [4] that they glow, sending light [2] off into space. Several minutes pass in silence before the light bursts through the atmosphere and plunges down to the rainforest hitting a leaf. In the leaf the burst of power smashes a molecule of carbon dioxide and helps free the carbon to make food for the plant [3]. The plant may be eaten (giving food 'Calories'), or may fall to the ground and settle and age for millions of years turning perhaps to coal. That coal may be dug up and burned to give heat [4] in a power station, boiling water to supply compressed steam [5] that may drive a turbine [6] which may be used to generate electricity [7] which we may then use in our homes to heat/light/move/cook or perhaps to recharge our mobile phone [3]. That energy will then be used to transmit microwaves when you make a call [2] which will mostly dissipate into the environment heating it (very) slightly [4]. Eventually the warmed earth radiates [2] this excess of heat off into the void where perhaps it will have another life...

Energy currencies:

[1] Matter is energy, according the Einstein, and the quantity relates to mass according to E=mc^2 (c is a constant equal to the speed of light).

[2] Radiation (like sunlight) is a flow of energy, and energy content relates the frequency according to E=hf (h is the Planck constant).

[3] Chemical energy - the most complex energy, a mixture of different tensions in nuclear and electromagnetic force fields.

[4] Thermal (heat) energy- this is really just a sneaky form of kinetic energy [6 below] - small particles moving and vibrating fast are sensed by us as heat.

[5] Compression (or tension) energy - while compressed air is again a sneaky form of kinetic energy

[6], a compressed spring is different - it's energy is more like chemical energy and is stored by creating tension in the force fields present in nature (gravity, electromagnetism and nuclear forces).

[6] Kinetic energy - is energy by virtue of movement (like a speeding bullet or unstoppable train)

[7] Electrical energy - this energy, like a compressed spring, is stored as stress in force fields, in this case electromagnetic force-fields.

This short story is testament to an enormous quantity of learning by our species, but there are some clear exclusions to be read into the story:

Energy fields (auras) or the energy lines in the body that conduct the "chi" (or life force) of Asian medical tradition
Energy lines on the Earth (aka Ley lines)
Negative or positive energy (as in positive or negative "vibes")

These energy currencies relate to theories and beliefs that science has been unable to verify and thus they have no known "exchange rate". Asking how many light bulbs can you power with your Chi is thus a nonsensical question, whereas it would not be for any scientifically supported form of energy. And since energy flows account for all actions in the universe, not being exchangeable would be rather limiting.

Where exactly is Energy kept?

This may sound like s strange question, we know Energy is kept in batteries, petrol tanks and chocolate chip cookies. But the question is, where exactly is it stored in those things?

Energy is stored in several ways:

as movement - any mass moving has energy by virtue of the movement, which is called Kinetic Energy

as matter - Einstein figured out that matter is just a form of energy, and the exchange rate is amazing - 1g = 90,000,000,000,000,000 joules (from E=mc^2)

as tension in force fields

That last one sounds a bit cryptic, but actually most of the energy we use is in this form - petrol, food, batteries and even a raised hammer all store energy in what are essentially compressed (or stretched springs).

What is a force field? Why on earth did I have to bring that up?

All of space (even the interstellar vacuum) is permeated by force fields. The one we all know best is gravity - we know that if we lift a weight, we have to exert effort and that effort is then stored in that weight and can be recovered later by dropping it on your foot.

Gravity is only one of several force fields known to science. Magnetic fields are very similar - it takes energy to pull a magnet off the fridge, and so it is actually an energy store when kept away from the fridge.

The next force field is that created by electric charge (the electric field). For many years this was though to be a field all on its own but a chap called James Clerk Maxwell realised that electric fields and magnetic fields are in some senses two sides of the same coin, so physicists now talk of 'electromagnetic' fields. It turns out that electric energy (such as that stored in a capacitor) consists of tensions in this field, much like a raised weight is a tension in a gravity field. Perhaps surprisingly, light (as well as radio waves, microwaves and x-rays) are also energy stored in fluctuations of an energy field.

Much chemical energy is also stored in electric fields - for example, most atoms consist of positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons, and the further apart they are kept, the more energy they hold, just liked raised weights. As an electron is allowed to get closer to the nucleus, energy is released (generally as radiation, such as light - thus hot things glow).

The least well known force field is the strong 'nuclear' force. This is the forces that holds the subatomic particles (protons) together in the nucleus of atoms. Since the protons are all positively charged, they should want to repel each other, but something is keeping them at bay, and so physicists have inferred this force field must exist. It turns out their theory holds water, because if you can drag these protons a little bit apart, they will suddenly fly off with gusto. The strong nuclear force turns out to be bloody strong, but only works over a tiny distance. It rarely affects us as we rarely store energy with this energy field.

Now we understand force fields we can look at how molecules (petrol, oxygen, chocolate) store energy. All molecules are made of atoms connected to one other via various 'bonds' and these bonds are like springs. Different types of molecules have different amount of tension in these bonds - it turns out coal molecules, created millions of years ago with energy from the sun, are crammed full of tense bonds that are dying to re-arrange to more relaxed configurations, which is exactly what happens when we apply oxygen and the little heat to start the reaction.

The complexity of the tensions in molecules are perhaps the most amazing in nature, as it is their re-arrangements that fuel life as we know it.

What exactly is Heat then?

You may have noticed that I did not include heat as a form of energy store above. But surely hot things are an energy store?

Yes, they are, but heat is actually just a sort of illusion. We use heat as a catch all term to describe the kinetic energy of the molecules and atoms. If you have a bottle of air, the temperature of the air is a direct consequence of the average speed of the molecules of gas jetting around bashing into one another.

As you heat the air, you are actually just increasing the speed of particles. If you compress the air, you may not increase their speed, but you will have more particles in the same volume, which also 'feels' hotter.

Solids are a little different - the atoms and molecules in solids do not have the freedom to fly around, so instead, they vibrate. It is like each molecule is constrained by elastic bands pulling in all directions. If the molecule is still, it is cold, but if it is bouncing around like a pinball, then it has kinetic energy, and feels hotter.

You can see from this viewpoint, that to talk of the temperature of an atom, or of a vacuum, is meaningless, because temperature is a macroscopic property of matter. On the other hand, you could technically argue that a flying bullet is red hot because it has so much kinetic energy...

Is Energy Reusable?

We as a species, have learned how to tap into flows of energy to get them to do our bidding. So big question: Will we use it all up?

Scientists have found that energy is pretty much indestructible - it is never "used-up", it merely flows from one form into another. The problem is thus not that we will run out, but that we might foolishly convert it all into some unusable form.

Electricity is an example of really useful energy - we have machines that convert electricity into almost anything, whereas heat is only useful if you are cold, and light is only useful if you are in the dark.

Engineers also talk about the quality (or grade) of energy. An engineer would always prefer 1 litre of water 70 degrees warmer than room temperature, than 70 litres of water 1 degree warmer, even though these contain roughly the same embodied energy. You can use the hot water to boil an egg, or make tea, or you could mix it with 69 litres of room temperature water to heat it all by 1 degree. It is more flexible.

Unfortunately, most of the machines we use, turn good energy (electricity, petrol, light) into bad energy (usually "low grade heat").

Why is low grade heat so bad? It turns out we have no decent machine to convert low grade heat into other forms of energy. In fact we cannot technically convert any forms of heat into energy unless we have something cold to hand which we are also willing to warm up; our machines can thus only extract energy by using hot an cold things together. A steam engine relies just as much on the environment that cools and condenses water vapour as it does on the coal its belly. Power stations rely on their cooling towers as much as their furnaces. It turns out that all our heat machines are stuck in this trap.

So, in summary, heat itself is not useful - it is temperature differences that we know how to harness, and the bigger the better.

This picture of energy lets us think differently about how we interact with energy. We have learned a few key facts:

Energy is not destroyed, and cannot be totally used up - this should give us hope
Energy is harnessed to do our dirty work, but tends to end up stuck in some 'hard to use' form

So all we need to do to save ourselves is:

Re-use the same energy over and over
by finding some way to extract energy from low grade heat

Alas, this is a harder nut to crack than fission power, so I am not holding my breath. It turns out that there is another annoying universal law (the Second Law of Thermodynamics) that says that every time energy flows, it will somehow become less useful, like water running downhill. This is because energy can only flow one way: from something hot to something cold - thus once something hot and something cold meet and the temperature evens out, you have forever lost the useful energy you had.

It is as if we had a mountain range and were using avalanches to drive our engines. Not only will our mountains get shorter over time but our valleys will fill up too, and soon we will live on a flat plane and our engines will be silent.

The Big Picture

So the useful energy in the universe is being used up. Should we worry?

Yes and no.

Yes, you should worry because locally we are running out of easy sources of energy and will now have to start using sustainable ones. If we do not ramp up fast enough we will have catastrophic shortages.

No, should should no worry that we will run out, because there are sustainable sources - the sun pumps out so much more than we use, it is virtually limitless.

Oh, and yes again - because burning everything is messing up the chemistry of the atmosphere, which is also likely to cause catastrophe. Good news is that the solution to this is the same - most renewable energy sources do not have this unhappy side effect.

Oh, and in the really long term, yes we should worry again. All the energy in the universe will eventually convert to heat, and the heat will probably spread evenly throughout the universe, and even though all the energy will still be present and accounted for, it would be impossible to use and the universe would basically stop. Pretty dismal, but this is what many physicists believe: we all exist in the eddy currents of heat flows as the universe gradually heads for a luke-warm, and dead, equilibrium.

=============

If you liked this article, you might like my series on efficient motoring.

READ MORE - Energy simply explained

Higher levels of energy products faster success

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People who achieve success faster usually have higher energetic levels. Energy is defined as the capacity for vigorous activity, or available power. Since everything is energy, wealth is simply energy that comes to you faster when your energy is in higher motion. When your body and mind function at high energy level you will be able to study more, work more and enjoy your life better. The world belongs to the energetic.

Men and women whose lives don't improve from year to year are those who have never thought about why they want their lives to improve in the first place. If you don't think about the reasons why, you can't generate the emotional excitement and energy that motivates you to do the things that make your dreams come true.

Emotion is central to all accomplishments. The more you think about those exciting reasons for increasing your income, the more emotional and intense you become about it. You become more excited and enthusiastic about any increase in income, and this emotional energy begins to drive you toward doing the things that make your income increase a reality. People of success are always in motion. They are always taking action in achieving their goals and desires.

One of the most important aspects of manifestation is combining visualization with "getting the feeling." Visualize already having achieved what you want in your mind. Then feel the feeling of happiness, joy and satisfaction of it. Your mental picture combined with your emotion will be passed on to your subconscious mind. Amazing things will begin to happen suddenly. You will have more energy and enthusiasm. You will be more creative and imaginative. You will be more focused and directed. You will be more efficient and effective. You will do more and more of the things that move you in the direction of making your mental picture a real picture.

The main problem that people have when they set out to accomplish their goal is that there is simply not enough passion and emotional power behind it. However, when you set goals that come from your true heart's desires, they contain an intrinsic motivational power that will enable you to accomplish them without fail.

People who do what they are passionate about, and have passion in what they do, achieve success faster and much more than others who don't. Your passion is your energy. When you are passionate about what you do and do what you have passion for, you will have higher levels of energy to do it. Focusing on things you feel enthusiastic, passionate, excited and happy about increases your energy levels and gives you to momentum you need to keep doing things that brings you more success.

A key factor of success is creativity. The more positive you feel, the more energy you have for creation. People who keep winning are constantly feeling good about what they do. When you are constantly thinking positive thoughts and focusing on the realization of your goals, you are generating high levels of energy to continuously do the work that would produce the things you want to create.

Keep having your focus on the highest levels of results that you can achieve. Keep your mind and actions working on producing those results and expecting them. Keep your energy levels at their highest most of the time. This is the way of peak performance.

Most people do not have access to their full level of creative energy because they have many energy blocks or leaks. Depending on which way you see it from, they are actually both the same thing. It is an energy block when it prevents you from using it. It is an energy leak when it is being diverted to accomplish something else. In short, you are prevented from using certain amounts of your energy because it is being diverted somewhere else for a particular work.

Your energy blocks/leaks are caused by your fears, worries and suppressed emotions. When you are psychologically avoiding or fighting against certain things in your life, you are using energy to accomplish it. You may not be consciously applying the energy but your subconscious is diverting your inner resources to do the work of suppressing those emotions you want to avoid. These happens when you harbor resentment, grief and disappointment. You are also leaking energy when you keep thinking of what you regret about which are the things that you should or shouldn't have done.

You encounter energy leaks when you have many fears going on in your mind. Fear that you might not find someone to love, fear that you would not succeed in business, fear that the future might not turn out the way you want it to be. As you are working, you could be worrying why haven't you gotten the results you expect yet, worrying that you might run out of ideas and inspiration to create, worrying that what you are doing may not be worth it.

All these energy leaks and blockages are slowing down your rate of success, especially when you most need it. It all comes down to the fear of failure and worrying that you would not succeed, that is causing inhibition and resistance to the success that you want to achieve. All these leads to wastage of your inner resources which could be used to unleash the full power of creating your success.

The key to clearing the path of success is to free yourself from all these energy leaks and blockages. Energy blocks are resistance. You are resisted from using energy because it is because used to resist something you do not like. When you realize that all these blocks are what's causing you further failure, you can liberate yourself from focusing on what you do not want, and focus instead on what you do what. Focus on what makes you happy. Detach from the outcome and trust in God.

We are all created with full access to creative energy from the Source. The energy of the Source is flowing fully and unlimitedly to us at all times. The energy of the Source is available only in the present. Worry about the future or regretting about the past disconnects you from the energy that is available only in the now. You can only create the future you desire in the now. Focus your energies in the present and the future will take care of itself.

People who are happily successful have a lot more free access to their creative energy than other people because they focus on things that liberate their energy. Your mind moves quicker and easier when your emotional states are lighter and freer. The feeling of happiness supplies you with high levels of energy to do lots of creative work with higher quality, speed and ease. All of it produce faster success.

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House energy of Russia, Horoscopes Karma & Crystal energy fields-part I

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House Energy Correction is the concept of controlling the 8 Directional Energies; 7 Chakras and 7 Energy Bodies of the People; Boosting and Balancing the 5 Elements of the Lands & Buildings. Simply stated, it is the Total Energy Rectification of Horoscopes of the Family Members and Business Partners; Vaastu and Fengshui Energy Correction for their Lands & Buildings. Read the revealing FAQs about unique Crystal Energy Fields based on the Ancient Siddha Programming Techniques for Karma Correction. This is the first of a series of 3 parts of FAQs.

Question 1 : What exactly is "Energy Correction" ?

Human beings, like all objects, receive different levels of energies from the 8 different directions. When all the 8 directional energies are positive enough, they get positive results. When the energy levels dip below a limit, they suffer. For example, if a person receives high positive energy from his North, he will be financially well off. But if he also receives negative energy from his South East, he will never be able to enjoy it. The blue print of the energy levels of a person at his birth time is what you could call as his Birth Horoscope.

These 8 energy streams control the 7 Chakras and 7 Energy Bodies of the person, which in turn control every thing else in his life. The quality (positive or negative) of the energy and the quantum (percentage) of the energy that a person receives is his Karma or Destiny. The concept of correcting the 8 Directional Energies and tuning the 7 Chakras & Energy Bodies of a person so that he stays within a 100% positive energy belt all his life-time is called Personal Energy Correction.

Question 2 : Can you explain more about these Energy Beams from the 8 Directions ?

Energy (or Prana or Chi) is pure and on it's own, is always balanced positive. It is the basic power brick on which the Cosmos is built upon. However, depending upon the Karma of the Person, Land and Building, it/he receives energy either as positive or negative. Then the percentage of the positive or negative energy that it/he receives culminates in positive or negative events of it's/his life. Unlike Land and Building, the Person moves. Where the Person moves, his Karma follows. So do the Energy Beams that he receives from the 8 Directions. It does not matter what direction he is moving or facing, it does not matter whether he is in India or America, he keeps receiving the same Energy Beams with the same Quality (Positive or Negative) and Quantity (Percentage), until the change is destined or brought about.

Question 3 : You spoke of Horoscope & Karma. Are you saying that both can be rectified ?

Yes ofcourse. All the Planetary Energies are received by a person through the 8 Directional Energies only. By filtering or/and transforming them, you pacify the planets, remove the effects of problems like female curses, planetary & pithru doshas, etc. In other words, you rectify the Birth Horoscope itself. In fact, there is a more sophisticated process with which I undertake Karma Correction itself. This process minimises the bad karma to such an extent that one simply doesn't feel it's impact at all.

Question 4 : So then what is "House Energy Correction" ?

House Energy Correction is a two fold process. In the first fold, Personal Energy Correction (including Horoscope Rectification) for all the residing family members is done. In the second fold, the Five Elements of the Land and the House are fully balanced. In other words, the Karma of the Lands, Home and the People living there are integrated, cleansed, tuned and balanced. That is called House Energy Correction.

Sub-Question : What are the controlling Five Elements of Nature ?

The controlling Five Elements of Nature are also known as the Pancha Pranas or the Pancha Bhoodhas : Earth (Bhoomi), Water (Jala), Fire (Agni), Air (Metal, Vaayu), and Ether (Wood, Sky, Spirit, Space, Aakash).

Question 5 : Once corrected, how long do these positive effects last ?

In my process, once corrected, the energies stay corrected. That is because I use Crystals as my Energy Tools. Unlike any other remedies, Crystals last for hundreds of years. Plus the Crystal Programming Techniques that I use are extremely powerful, time-tested and bestowed by the Ancient Ones or the Sacred Siddhas. That is why I say the positive effects will atleast last for 3 generations. The Energy Corrections that I undertake are done through custom built Crystal Energy Fields.

Question 6 : Can you eloborate more on these Crystal Energy Fields ?

The Crystal Energy Fields are created by numerous Crystals arranged in a special formation, after being programmed and energised for executing specific tasks for specified people. The quality, colour, nature and shape of the Crystals needed for House Energy Correction depends on the Karma of the Family. Some of the crystal energy shapes that I use for Energy Correction are Maha Meru, Stupa, Vajra, Viswa Vajra, Rahu or Vajra Phurba, etc. I also use exclusive crystal shapes like Maha Meru with Viswa Vajra, Ashta Vajra Stupa and Ashta Vajra Maha Sakthi Chakra.

Question 7 : How do you determine the type and number of Crystals that are needed for a particular family or business ?

By Clairvoyance or Sookshma Drishti, I scan the energy levels of the People, Lands & the Buildings. Without it you cannot practice Energy Correction. I also use certain Divining Tools like Tarot Decks, Runes & I-Ching Coins, if and when needed.

Question 8 : Are there many models of Crystal Energy Fields ?

Yes, there are very many models. Some are very sophisticated and more powerful than others. Some are for specific tasks like bringing together estranged couple, concieving a child or solving psychic problems or breaking black magic. Some of them are dedicated for Business Energy Correction. There are certain models for only handling factory related problems like production and labour problems, litigations, etc. I also build exclusive CEFs for the NewAge Kabbalah Numerology which I practice. The kabbalistic numeric vibrations of the tuned name are transmitted 24/7 through CEF, to achieve and retain results.

The FAQs will be continued in Part II.

READ MORE - House energy of Russia, Horoscopes Karma & Crystal energy fields-part I

Energy healing

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WHAT IS ENERGY HEALING?

The laying on of hands, also known as energy healing, energy therapy, bioenergy therapy, biofield therapy and energy work, promotes healing by enhancing the energy flow and correcting disturbances in the human aura that surrounds the body. This improvement of the flow of aura's energy supports the self-healing capacity of the body.

The laying on of hands is an old healing modality that is making its way back into our lives in a revival of ancient understandings. All around the world people is learning how to sense energy, move their energy and they are rediscovering energy healing therapies.

The application of energy fields for healing, implies the generation of a magnetic field strong enough to produce changes in the body without harming it, and that field should be refined enough to treat specific illness, because treating the aura with a large frequency spectrum is not enough.

Vibrational healing or the laying on of hands can restore people to a state of health and harmony in four planes:

physically

mentally

emotionally

and spiritually

IS THERE ANY OTHER KIND OF HEALING?

No there is not!

Everything that exists is energy, so every healing involves energy although most healing methods are only focused on the physical level.

Energy healing works over the energetic level of our being, and from there it influences the physical, emotional, mental and the spiritual level.

Energy healing is then a holistic healing method, because it addresses the energy of which the body mind and emotions are composed, complementing and supporting the other healing methods.

the vibrational healers treat people by using pure energy that affects the energetic system acting as a type of wave-guide to redirect or realign the affected subtle energies.

ENERGY HEALING AND ENERGY MEDICINE

Energy healing works through the laying on of hands, and is only part of a wider field called Energy Medicine that uses crystals, herbs, sound or mind control.

All of them work over vibratory patterns which influence the energetic patters at work in the physiology

Some healers like to employ crystals or other tools to produce energy healing, but energy healing if more often produced by the interaction of the healer with the healee in the energetic level. (Excellent references on energy medicine are Richard Gerber's Vibrational Medicine and James Oschman's Energy Medicine.)

THE HUMAN ENERGY FIELDS

The physical body that we see in a mirror is not the only one that we have, we also have an energy field thaT surrounds us named The Aura. The physical body is our most dense expression of energy, and we also have many other bodies sometimes called The subtle bodies

There are many different descriptions of our aura, but most of them describe it as having different layers.

There are also other important energy centers named The chakras where important exchanges of energy take place and that are also influenced by the energy healing.

WHAT SCIENCE SAYS ABOUT THE ENERGY HEALING

On the western civilization knowledge is acquired through the "trial and error method" or the "scientific method" but this is not the only way of gaining knowledge or maybe I should say that the "scientific method" only gains knowledge about through the information that our senses provide us, but there are other ways of gaining knowledge that eastern civilization believe to be equally valid.

"Scientific method" can only prove what we can perceive through one or more of our five senses ("seeing is believing" we say), but there are those who are able to perceive through higher sense perception

But it has also being found that the observer affects the object of observation through the act of observing, so there must be something that happens in some other kind of energy field that our scientific do not accept as real by now.

And modern science is making every day discoveries about new healing methods that are consistent with the idea of influencing the human energy field with other energies (sound, heat, etc.)

Undoubtedly very few scientists will accept the idea of energy healing, but there are beginning to be some researches that indicate that healing does have an effect. Herewith I will mention only one, but you can read about the others below in the References.

A SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENT

The following experiment proved that therapists practicing non-contact healing methods are able to induce significant changes in the energy field of blindfolded test subjects.

An individual was isolated behind a divider and a conductivity (or Kirlian) image was taken of his finger.

The practitioner drew a card on which the word "brighter" was written (he was the only one in the room to see the card), then he proceeded to move his hands around the test subject without touching him, in attempt to make the conductivity image of the test subject brighter

Then another image was taken after 3 minutes of attempting to increase conductivity.

The for the next three minutes the practitioner moved his hands around the test subject in an attempt to make the conductivity image of the text subject less bright, and another photo was taken.

The photos clearly indicated that the practitioner successfully increased the energy when he attempted to do it, and then decreased the brightness of the test subject conductivity without touching him when he was instructed to do so.

The brighter and smoother images observed after the experiment not only indicated that the test subject's energy changed, but also that an effective therapy was administered.

NOTE: If you want more information about this experiment you can find it at the CHI Institute: [http://www.chiexplorer.com]

WHAT DOES THE SCIENCE KNOW ABOUT THE HUMAN BODY'S ENERGY FIELDS?

These energy fields are quite measurable and there is strong evidence that known biophysical mechanisms can account for the observed phenomena.

All of us know that the human body has some electric fields that can be measured with techniques as EMG, EEG and EKG, ant that electrical signals are produced and received by the body.

In 1963 at Syracuce University it was also reported the first measurement of the magnetic field of the human heart, and in 1971 a superconducting magnetometer named SQUID was used to measure the magnetic field of the Brain.

In 1991 Seto and colleagues measured the magnetic field between the hands of healers and was established to be less than 1% or the hearts magnetic field. And if the heart magnetic field can regulate biological functions it is certainly feasible that the magnetic field coming out from the hands of the healers might also influence biological functions.

In 1989 Del Guiudice et al verified the existence of the Josephson junction, a superconducting semiconductor present in the living tissue

In 1993 McCraty discovered that the DNA acts as a superconducting magnetic field detector, able through the Hall effect to detect and produce magnetic signals, and to act as a signal amplifier.

Thus the modern science has discovered many mechanisms by which it is possible for healers to produce magnetic and electric healing energy to influence the patients. (those who see more information about this matter can read "The Scientific Basis of Energy Medicine" by James L. Oschman, 1998).

WHAT DOES THE HEALEE FEEL

After an energy healing session, the healee can experience significant and substantial shifts in mind, body and spirit.

He can either experience a reduction or elimination of the symptoms, or a sense of love, acceptance and deep letting go.

WOULD YOU LIKE TO BECOME A HEALER YOURSELF?

If you would like to learn how to help others and become a healer, the CD Como Sanar a Otros can teach you how to do it.

REFERENCES

Brennan Barbara, Hands of Light

Gerber Richard, Vibrational Medicine

Bruyere Rosalyn, Wheels of Light

Benor Daniel, Spiritual Healing -- research on spiritual/energy healing

Cohen D 1972 Magnetoencephalography: detection of the brain's electrical activity with a superconducting magnetometer. Science 175: 664-666.

Del Guidice ES, Doglia S, Milani M, Smith JM, Vitiello G 1989 Magnetic flux quantisation and Josephson behaviour in living systems, Physica Scripta 40: 786-791.

Dumitrescu I, Kenyon JN Electrographic imaging in medicine and biology, Nevil Spearman Limited, Suffolk England, 1983.

Konikiewicz L, Griff L Bioelectrography a new method for detecting cancer and monitoring body physiology, Leonard Associates Press, Harrisburg, 1984.

Lee R Bioelectric vitality- exploring the science of human energy, China Healthways Institute, 1997.

Liu G, Wan P, Peng X, Zhong X The influence of the emitted Qi on the auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABER) and auditory middle latency evoked responses (MLR) in cats, Proceedings of the First World Conference for Academic Exchange of Medical Qigong, Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988.

McCraty R, Atkinson M, Tiller WA 1993. New electrophysiological correlates associated with intentional heart focus, Subtle energies 4: 251-268.

McTaggart Lynne; The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe

Niu Xin, Liu G, Yu Z Measurement and Analysis of the Infrasonic Waves from the Emitted Qi, Proceedings of the First World Conference for Academic Exchange of Medical Qigong, Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988.

Oschman JL 1993 A biophsysical basis for acupuncture. Proceedings of the First Symposium of the Committee for Acupuncture Research, CAR, Boston.

Oschman JL, Oschman NH 1994b Somatic recall, parts I-II Soft tissue memory/Soft tissue holography, Massage therapy Journal, American Massage Therapy Association, Lake Worth, FL 34: 36-45, 66-67, 101-116.

Oschman James, Energy Medicine

Pinta KJ, Coffee DS 1991 Cellular harmonic information transfer through a tissue tensegrity-matrix system. Medical Hypotheses 34:88-95.

Seto A, Kusaka C, Nakacato S et al 1992 Detection of extraordinarily large bio-magnetic field strength from human hand. Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research International Journal 17:75-94.

Written by Dr. Roberto A. Bonomi

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Wind power-USA

As oil prices continue to explode, alternative energy is getting attention in the United States. Here is Guide to wind energy in USA.

Wind energy-USA

One of the world's fast-growing species of renewable energy is wind energy.While most of the land remains dependent on fossil fuels (like oil, natural gas and coal) for their energy, many countries are trying to come up with alternative methods of obtaining energy. most of Europe began to build and use wind farms, wind turbines, which groups use energy wind for energy and electricity. Also involved in using energy wind, THE U.S. began to create their own wind parks.

Wind turbines are separate components of wind farms, and they are machine consists of a few basic parts: the first part of the rotor, also known as the blades or the propellers, and is part of the turbines actually collects wind energy and converts it to a drive that energy then turns a shaft. This tree is actually creates energy, which is then stored or converted into electricity. Wind farms, a group of many of these turbines are usually 10 or more.

Wind energy USA were capacity during 2004 was 6.740 MW with a prediction that features U.S. energy wind is increasing at a rate of 5000 MW over the next five years.Ministry energy USA aims for 6% of electricity needs from wind energy, by 2020, which was a just cause, according to the current growth in industry energy wind.California is a State in the US, which produces the most wind energy 2.096 MW Wind generating capacity per year.

As one MW produces enough energy supply energy to 240 300 average U.S. home, the amount of wind energy USA is now sufficiently energy House 500 000 to 620 000 people per year.The United States is currently ranked as the third highest wind energy producing country in the world, Germany and Spain business wind energy USA also monetarily significant-costs around $ 1000 per kilowatt (kW) installed wind capacity energy. When multiplied in the USA into 6.740 kW, this makes the wind energy industry at $ 7 billion.

Wind energy is a growing source of energy in the United States for many reasons. Wind energy is cleaner, cheaper and more renewable sources than many of the current sources of use energy. Furthermore, the possibilities for expanding wind parks and paths wind energy means that u.s. energy needs grow, there will continue to be sufficiently energy to provide all our requirements energy.

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The problem of energy

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Introduction:

On almost a daily basis, we hear that energy prices are going up. Media sources, the government, energy producers, consumer and environmental groups provide a constant stream of reports, articles, interviews, and opinions on the subject. A lot of information from different sources, sometimes with their own agenda...who do you trust? This paper will try to pull together reliable facts, citing the sources and providing links to the source documents, that will answer the following questions:

-- What is the problem?

-- How does it affect each of us?

-- How can I avoid it, or is there a way I can benefit?

-- What are my options?

-- How do I do this?

-- What will it cost me?

-- How do I pay for it?

-- When do I need to take action?

Background:

Energy resources are used for generating electricity, for transportation, for manufacturing, and for heating. Renewable energy sources (biomass, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar) provide for only 6.1% of US energy consumption. Nonrenewable resources (fossil fuels and nuclear power) provide for the remaining energy consumption, and within this group, fossil fuels provide for 85%.1

Projections from the DOE's (Department of Energy) International Energy Outlook 2006 indicate continued and strong growth for worldwide energy demand for the forseeable future. Fossil fuels will continue to provide for most of this demand.

What is the problem?

There are a couple. First, there's a limited supply. At 2003 consumption levels, there are 44.6 years of oil and 66.2 years of natural gas supply remaining.2 The growth in oil consumption, in part due to new economies in China and southeast Asia, has taken up much of OPEC's spare production capacity.3 Over 68% of the world's oil producing countries show declines.4

The second problem is the location. A breakdown of proven world oil reserves shows the Middle East with 65%, South and Central America with 10%, Africa with 7%, the U.S. and former Soviet Union with 6% each, Asia Pacific with 4%, and Europe with 2%.5 The World Coal Institute reports that there is enough coal to last over 155 years. A breakdown shows the U.S. with 27%, Russia with 17%, China with 13%, and India with 10% of the world's recoverable reserves.6 The top producers of natural gas, the cleanest burning fossil fuel (proven reserves) are Middle East with over 40%, the former Soviet Union with over 30%, 27.5%, the , the U.S. with 3.1%, Africa with around 6%, the U.S. and Canada with 4%.7 As you can see, most of the world's proven reserves are located in OPEC countries, some of which are involved in external and internal struggle, or are thought to provide funding for terrorist activities. Venezuela, owner of Citgo Oil Corporation, is transitioning into a socialist form of government. Its leader, Hugo Chavez, is friendly with Iran and is a vocal critic of the U.S. The question becomes "Is the money we spend on energy funding terrorist and other activities, and if so, how much?"

Once you get beyond the supply and location of the resource, you have to get it to market. The Middle East conflict, Iran's increasingly militant stance, and the ease at which terrorist organizations can move throughout the Mideast, could potentially choke transportation through the Red Sea and Strait of Hormuz. Transportation of LNG (liquified natural gas) provides its own challenges due to numerous environmental and safety concerns. Coal requires mining, either in surface "strip" mines or underground through use of tunnels.

Finally, you need to take a look at how you're going to use it. Most of the natural gas and coal is used to generate electricity, while most of the oil is used in transportation and manufacturing. Demand for electricity is increasing worldwide with estimates as high as 40% by 2030 in the U.S.

How it affects each of us:

There are 3 major effects; higher prices, increased greenhouse gases (and global warming), and a limited supply that will eventually run out. There is no way to get around these given our current pattern of use.

The Energy Information Administration's Annual Energy Outlook 2007 with Projections to 2030 (Early Release) predicts a slow decline from 2006's $69 per barrel to around $50 per barrel in 2014, then rise towards $59 per barrel in 2030, based on 2005 dollars. The wellhead price for natural gas is projected to decline to just below $5 per thousand cubic feet in 2015 and then increase to around $6 per thousand cubic feet in 2030. A potential problem is that imports of LNG (liquified natural gas), new production in Alaska, and new production from unconventional sources may not offset increased demand. Coal prices will rise to around $36.38 per ton. Electricity will follow the same trend but rise to around $0.13 per KwH in 2030. When adjusted for inflation the cost of these resources may be significantly higher.

When sunlight heats the earth, some of this heat is trapped in the atmosphere, just as heat is trapped in a greenhouse at your local florist's. Instead of a roof, heat is trapped by clouds, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other pollutants, commonly called greenhouse gases. Production of these greenhouse gases are largely due to human activity. As the concentration of these gases increase, global warming theory says that the earth's temperature rises creating health hazards and loss of life, increased demand for cooling (more energy use, causing still more greenhouse gases), and the potential of irreversible environmental damage, such as reduced crop production, increases in acid rain, hurricane and typhoon strength, and melting of the polar ice caps, resulting in flooding of low lying areas.

Although these major effects are certainly important, no less important are other, secondary effects such as increased global and socioeconomic instability, higher costs, and increased pollution. The financial consequences cannot be overlooked; a recent report commissioned by the British Government found that the cost of combatting global warming would be around 1% of gross domestic product per year and the cost of failing to act could be as high as 5% every year from now throughout the future.

How can I avoid it, or is there a way I can benefit?

While there is no way to avoid feeling the impact of increased energy prices, you can take action to reduce the amount of these resources you consume. By investing in clean energy and use of renewable resources, we can create new jobs, cut resource consumption, decrease environmental impact, and save money. Builders, resource suppliers, and service organizations can achieve improved profits and lower costs while improving the environment.

What are my options?

There are really only 3 courses of action to follow:

1.Continue on with your current use patterns, pay the going rate for utilities and other resources, and hope for the best.

2.Cut the amount of energy you consume by becoming more energy efficient.

3.Take action to increase use of recyclable, low impact materials, chemicals, and goods to decrease environmental impact.

How do I do this?

The best and most established program for energy efficiency is ENERGY STAR, a program developed by the EPA and DOE. The purpose of this program is to help all of us save money while protecting the environment through use of energy efficient products and services. In 2005 alone, Americans using this program saved enough energy to avoid greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 23 million cars- and save $12 billion on utility bills. The ENERGY STAR website, at http://www.energystar.gov., provides a wealth of information for your use. If you need help beyond this, or don't have the resources available to dedicate time to this, you can get help from a variety of ENERGY STAR Service and Product Providers. There's a link at the website that will take you to a list of these organizations.

As for decreasing your environmental impact, there are a variety of environmental organizations that provide information and how-to assistance. The US Green Building Council, established in 1997, is an association of leaders from the building industry that work together to "promote buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work."10 Their LEED (Leadership in Environmentally Efficient Design) program is the benchmark for high performance buildings. There are certification programs for both new and existing buildings. For more information, please visit their website.

As consumers of products and services, you can reduce environmental impact by using biodegradable and recyclable materials and employing service providers and other companies that use these products. Even such things as janitorial services can benefit by using these materials and processes. Look for products that are certified to be recyclable, biodegradable, and have little or no impact on building indoor air quality.

What will it cost me?

The cost of upgrading to an energy efficient and low environmental impact depends largely on what you decide to do. Many actions you can take have no cost, or are competitive with your current expenses. The ENERGY STAR program provides steps that will pay for themselves over time through energy savings, and the results are impressive:

-- Improvements in energy performance and employee comfort can increase income due to improved productivity, perhaps as much as 10 times as high as the energy cost savings produced by performing the upgrade.

-- Energy efficiency improvements provide savings for their entire product life, perhaps up to 20 years, well past the point where the savings have paid for the initial improvement.

-- Reducing energy use 30% in a commercial office building is equivalent to increasing net operating income and building asset value by 5% and lowers operating costs by $25,000 per year for every 50,000 square feet of typical office space.

Ask yourself, "How much new equipment could you buy from the dollars saved by installing energy efficient equipment now?"

How do I pay for it?

The ENERGY STAR program uses future cost savings to pay for energy efficiency upgrades today, without competing with other capital projects for funding.

If you do the project, you pay for itself through energy savings - and - if you don't do the project, you pay for it just the same through continued high energy costs.

But how is this possible? Analysis takes your cost of capital (rate at which you can borrow money), the square footage of your facilities, energy costs, your best estimate of % potential savings, term of the loan, and time value of money to provide an estimate of how much equipment can be bought without increasing your existing capital or operating budgets. The upgrade pays for itself and associated loan costs through future cost savings and provides the simple payback period. For an example of this, please refer to my article Improving Energy Efficiency Improves Bottom Line available online at Ezine Articles (www.ezinearticles.com) or from my company website at http://www.fps-fm.com.

As for decreasing your environmental impact, many new environmentally-friendly products are already cost competitive, and you can find detailed information at a variety of websites.

When do I need to take action?

Delay in taking action will only increase your operating costs, so taking action sooner rather than later is certainly the better choice. There is another reason to take action now; in August 2005, President Bush signed the 2005 Energy Policy Act into law. This measure provides for tax deductions for upgrades to commercial buildings that meet certain performance criteria. A copy of the IRS notice can be found on the BOMA International Web site at http://www.boma.org/advocacy.

Time is running out; these deductions go away on December 31,2007 although Congress may extend them during their next session.

But why wait? For all the right reasons, the time is now to improve your energy efficiency and help improve the environment.

READ MORE - The problem of energy